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lime mortar
Lime mortar is a type of mortar composed of lime and an aggregate such as sand, mixed with water. It is one of the oldest known types of mortar, dating back to the 4th century BC and widely used in Ancient Rome and Greece, when it largely replaced the clay and gypsum mortars common to Ancient Egyptian construction.
With the introduction of ordinary portland cement (OPC) during the 19th century the use of lime mortar in new constructions gradually declined, largely due to portland's ease of use, quick setting, and high compressive strength. However the soft, porous properties of lime mortar provide certain advantages when working with softer building materials such as natural stone and terracotta. For this reason, while OPC continues to be commonly used in brick and concrete construction, in the repair and restoration of brick and stone-built structures originally built using lime mortar, the use of OPC has largely been discredited.〔(US Park Service Preservation Brief 2 )〕
Despite its enduring utility over many centuries, lime mortar's effectiveness as a building material has not been well understood; time-honoured practices were based on tradition, folklore and trade knowledge, vindicated by the vast number of old buildings that remain standing. Only during the last few decades has empirical testing provided a scientific understanding of its remarkable durability.〔(Peter Ellis, ''The Analysis of Mortar: The Past 20 Years'' )〕
==Etymology==
''Lime'' comes from Old English ''lim'' "'sticky substance, birdlime, mortar, cement, gluten,'" and is related to Latin ''limus'' "'slime, mud, mire,'" and ''linere'' "'to smear;'"〔("Lime". Online Etymology Dictionary. Accessed 5/10/2014 )〕 ''Mortar'' is a mixture with cement and comes from Old French ''mortier'' "'builder's mortar, plaster; bowl for mixing'" in the late 13th century and Latin ''mortarium'' "'mortar,'"〔 Lime is a cement〔"Cement, n." def. 1. ''Oxford English Dictionary'' Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) © Oxford University Press 2009〕 which is a binder or glue which holds things together but ''cement'' is usually reserved for Portland cement.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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